Subnational diplomacy refers to relations carried out between polities subordinate to the national government such as states, provinces, cities, and other subregional units. Another common term for subnational diplomacy is "paradiplomacy" and it may also be called decentralized cooperation, intermestic affairs, and multi-layered diplomacy. This research guide provides basic resources about subnational diplomacy and associated concepts: soft power, hard power, and intergovernmental affairs. It is structured based on Karim Farishta's syllabus for IAFF 6503: Cities and States in National Security.
Paradiplomacy : cities and states as global players
by
Theory and practice of paradiplomacy : subnational governments in international affairs
by
Borders and Margins : Federalism, Devolution and Multi-Level Governance
by
Paradiplomacy as a diplomatic broker : between separating differences and engaging commonalities
by
Urban Diplomacy : A Cosmopolitan Outlook
by
Cities and global governance : new sites for international relations
by
Mastering globalization : new sub-states' governance and strategies
by
Perforated sovereignties and international relations : trans-sovereign contacts of subnational governments
by
Looking for information about Japanese and Okinawan subnational diplomacy, soft power, and public diplomacy? Please visit our research guide on the Okinawan Studies research guide!
