Impact on Black Consciousness Movements - Frantz Fanon (1925 - 1961): His Life and Legacy - Research Guides at George Washington University

Thinkers and Movements Inspired by Fanon

Black Panthers

Stokely Carmichael

Huey P. Newton

Eldridge Cleaver

Malcolm X

Amilcar Cabral

Maulana Karenga

Black Consciousness

Steve Biko

Ali Shariati

Bobby Sands

Occupy Wall Street

Critical Race Theory

The full text of some articles is only available to Gelman patrons and may require login.

Impact on the Civil Rights Movement in the United States

Frantz Fanon was a significant influence on the black power movement in the United States and one of the most often cited intellectual inspirations of black militant groups.

The books and journal articles that discuss Fanon's influence on the Black Power movement below provide more information on the topic. The full text of some articles is only available to Gelman patrons and may require login.

Afrocentrism: Mythical Pasts and Imagined Homes
This book includes a chapter on Caribbean influences to Afrocentrism, with several pages dedicated to Fanon.
Black Power
Stokely Carmichael called Fanon "one of his patron saints" and his speech about black power directly references Fanon.
Eldridge Cleaver: Post Prison Writings and Speeches
Eldrige Cleaver called Fanon's "The Wretched of the Earth" the Bible of the black revolutionary movement.
New Day in Babylon
Comprehensive account of the rise and fall of the Black Power movement.
Of Logic and Liberation: Frantz Fanon on Terrorism
by Michael W. Sonnleitner in Journal of Black Studies (Mar. 1987)
Preface to Frantz Fanon’s “Wretched of the Earth”
Jean-Paul Sartre's preface
Rescuing Fanon from the Critics
by Tony Martin in African Studies Review (Dec. 1970)
Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton
Written by one of the founders of the Black Panthers, this account describes how the founders would obsessively read the works of Frantz Fanon for inspiration.

South Africa

The Black Consciousness Movement was an activist movement that emerged from the political vacuum that was created after the apartheid government in South Africa banned and jailed the leadership of the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan African Congress (PAC) in the 1960s. Frantz Fanon's work greatly influenced Steve Biko, the leader of the Black Consciousness Movement.

The articles below provide more information on the topic. The full text of some articles is only available to Gelman patrons and may require login.

Black Consciousness 1977-1987: The Dialectics of Liberation in South Africa
by Nigel Gibson in Africa Today (1st quarter 1988)
Frantz Fanon and Black Consciousness in Azania (South Africa)
The account explores Fanon's impact on Steve Biko and the Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa.

Frantz Fanon (1925 - 1961): His Life and Legacy: Impact on Black Consciousness Movements

Thinkers and Movements Inspired by Fanon

Critical Race Theory

Impact on the Civil Rights Movement in the United States

South Africa